Group 16 SAPSA Video

https://youtu.be/xWC90I3NtaM

Week 10 (7) - presentation write up

Kevin Mo

Billy Chen

Eric Gip

Academic Freedom and its Threats

Mineta

In Ethnic Cover: Inquiry into Norman Yoshio Mineta and Post-Racial Profiling by Darrell Hamamoto, he exposes the machinations of racial profiling in politics from high level executives in national media and government. The article studies the career of Norman Mineta, an ethnic leader appointed to keep the status quo of racism by manipulating political correctness as a veil of critical immunity. Systemically, for over 30 years, non-white actors have been placed in figurehead positions to sell “post-racial” multicultural facism to the public. They hide behind their race to push their agenda; critics of them are called racist or bigots. Race, as a result, has devolved from a liberal-progressive force for equality back to the divisive pseudo-scientific weapon of control. Mineta rose up from the era of Japanese internment to local politics and became a congressman before leaving to become an executive for Lockheed Martin. After selling out to the big business of Wall Street, the cabinets of Presidents Bush and Clinton gobbled him up where he staged public relations exchanged as a political fixer. This epidemic does not end at high-level politics; it has also invaded the core of academia where there is a high emphasis for ethnic diversity. High ranking administrative positions are held by corrupt individuals that prevent student activism progress.

“Berkeley Free Speech Movement: Paving the Way for Campus Activism,” by Robby Cohen examined the early protests for civil rights and political movement of the 1960s on university campuses. More specifically, he wrote about the UC Berkeley Free Speech Movement and it’s issue with freedom of speech on campus. He brought up how students of that era stood up to campus authorities during a time of injustice. When Jack Weinberg, a former graduate student set up a table for donations on campus, he was immediately arrested. Only when thousands of students blocked the police car from moving by sitting in front of it for two days was action taken.

Usually, you would think that universities support this kind of thinking and action that students had towards the discrimination and hate of the civil right movement, but in this situation, it was totally different. Instead, the university used its power to shut them down the political activity. Even though most people today would deem this unacceptable from the university, I can see why the university wouldn't want protests on campus. They probably didn't want to show the media that the university is taking a side in the Civil Rights Movement and ruin their reputation as a place for education only.

The Berkeley Free Speech Movement was the first of its kind for on campus protest and rebellion and is now recognized as the start of students standing up to campus officials and regulations all over the United States. Many on campus protests have been all over the news, such as the UC Davis pepper spraying incident or the UC Irvine 11, and have had serious and negative outcomes, but show the heart and courage that many young people still have to share and voice their opinions about injustices.

Trigger warnings are the idea that words can trigger people’s post-traumatic stress disorder. By basic psychology, your perspective on situations is skewed by whatever you believe in, so you believe that by avoiding trigger warnings you’re arguing that exposure to hateful things could traumatize them and therefore it becomes a moral obligation to protect them. By supporting this idea, some problems come along with it.

For one, studies show that this way of vindictive protectiveness such as policing speech and punish speakers inhibits the same patterns of thought similar to those with depression and anxiety and doesn’t teach you cognitive thinking.  Cognitive thinking, almost by definition, is putting your emotions and desires behind and basing your beliefs by evidence; teaching you to learn how to search for and evaluate evidence that might contradict initial hypothesis. This nurtures hypersensitivity that will lead to mental filtering that dwells on negative details, therefore perceiving the whole situation is negative, teaching students to catastrophize and have zero tolerance.  

Secondly, by believing that the solution to the problem is forgetting and completely forgetting about these “microaggressions”, we give these words even more power than they actually have and teach students to catastrophize and have zero tolerance. If they don’t like something, they can just report it to the administration and  get them fired immediately. Offensive is subjective and there have been absurd arguments, such as the case at University of St. Thomas in Minnesota with an event called Hump Day, allowing people to pet a camel; students banded and argued for animal cruelty and being insensitive for people from the Middle East, all from an event that meant absolutely no harm and as a stress reliever for the students.  

So what should can we do? A great philosophy that many other traditions and religions teach you is that you can never achieve happiness by making the world confirm to your desires, but you can master your desires and habits of thought – the goal of cognitive behavior therapy.

Week 10: Chelsea Reyes A02

This week's reading is about Asian American women in academia and how they do not get the treatment that they deserve just like any other faculty within a department. This kind of issue is pretty rare to see since it is never (or rarely) ever brought into the spotlight. Prior to taking this class, I was surprised to hear about how Professor Valverde was treated when she told us about her own issues in academia in her quest for tenure, along with all the work she had put into her department and in her work as a professor.  It is amazing to read about and hear how far Professor Valverde has come in her work in academia here in Davis, and it is commendable how she has stuck through it all. She is a great role model for other Asian American women in academia, and not just within the Asian American studies department, but across all scopes. What I found interesting from this paper is how it shows Asian Americans taking a stand for themselves, when usually they just work hard and keep things on the down low. Seeing Asian Americans stand up for what they thing is right is great to see, and as a whole community we should not be afraid to make a stand when necessary.

Is racial inequality as common as it was say back in the 20th century or a couple decades ago?

Lamarque, K. (2017, August 3). [Digital image]. Retrieved November 26, 2017.

Valverde, Kieu-Linh Caroline, and Wei Ming Dariotis. “The Time to Fight Is Now”: When Asian American Women in Academia Go Rogue.

Group 8: SAPSA Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kqUosfIIYAQ&sns=em

Group 8
Brandon Choi
Janine Macaraeg
Chelsea Reyes

A02

SAPSA Video - Adriana Goracci, Brian Jahja, Gerald Malvin, Noelani pastor

https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=K94rq8dc5yE

Group 15 SAPSA- Asian American Stereotype, but why?

Group 15
Max Ma
Alexander Soong
Yuchen Qu

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kcSJgUIF6Nk

Group 13 SAPSA: "Strengthening Cultural Identity in College: Cultural Interest Organizations"

A01
Deon Anthony
Sabrina Gomez
Elijah Ramirez

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uCGe3GflAzA&feature=youtu.be

Group 3 SAPSA Multiethnicity: How it Impacts Education and Identity

https://youtu.be/gHIfqrJQw3o

Group 11 SASPA: Asian-American Education

SAPSA Video - Arthur Orola - Why Filipino Americans are underrepresented in higher education

https://youtu.be/vSkyYkyi77E

Group 4 SAPSA: Do Charter Schools Really Work?

https://youtu.be/o7y-SJXehMo

Group 9 SAPSA: Cultural Appropriation of Asian Cuisine

EuJune Kim - Sec A03
Emily Luc - Sec A02
Megan Tang - Sec A02
Kaitlin Zheng - Sec A03

Youtube video link: https://youtu.be/z1liRjrD_7o

Group 6 SAPSA: Understanding the Dichotomy of Asian Parents

https://youtu.be/8xvT5qwTN3E

Group 14 SAPSA: The Potential With eSports and What's Holding it Back

Video: https://youtu.be/5TzWgq3-rhs

Write Up: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1nw9gSmecmrvy4ck98p0OCBqGAnN7HpOHlUMBH11fczk/edit?usp=sharing

Presentation: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1LtYE3AYzKc52Nycn8IN2V3ximalWtZ7kmOXNns6VYP0/edit?usp=sharing

Group 14:
Brian Dang
Bryan Ngo
Yuanxin (Yolanda) Zhang

Group 7 SAPSA: Influence of Language on Perceptions of Authenticity

Group members:
Jamie McCaa (A03)
Kelsey Kim (A03)
Kelin Tham-Graul (A03)
Isabel Fajardo (A03)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rolFNlq786I

Week 10 - Tiffany Nguyen

Tiffany Nguyen
A02
Week 10

This week's reading "'The Time to Fight is Now': When Asian American Women in Academia go Rogue" emphasized the corrupt system of education that people with a history of academia endure, focusing specifically on Asian American women in academia. Looking at Professor Valverde's fight for tenure, it is clear that minorities have a disadvantage in acquiring positions even though they are hard-earned and well-deserved. This article also sheds light on how Asian American women tend to be timid and afraid to speak up against issues. This may be because of cultural and historical aspects but ultimately is detrimental to their overall well-being and status within their professional setting. Personally, I know it is hard for me to speak up on some issues even as I may feel strongly about them. Through this method I may lose more than I gain, which is why I am working on bettering myself towards a more vocal attitude. Because without voicing one's opinion against injustice, progress will never be made. Taking a stand, no matter how uncomfortable it is, all in all builds character, and helps you grow as a person, furthering the cause of what you stand for.

Question: Although Asian American women do not all adhere to the timid stereotype, why was it perpetuated in the first place? Why is there a large number of Asian American women afraid to voice their opinion?

References:

Valverde, K.L & Dariotis, W.M. (2017) The Time to Fight is Now': When Asian American Women in Academia Go Rogue. In Fight the Tower: Asian American Women Against Injustice in the Academy (pp. 1-46)

Mulan Reflection [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved 27 November 2017. from https://www.theodysseyonline.com/mulan-whitewashing-case-asian-american-representation

Group 2 SAPSA Video: Asian Americans in Mass Media vs. Social Media

Group 2
Tiffany Nguyen
Micah Sakado
Zhenglun Fu

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWU8H_brBFU&feature=youtu.be

SAPSA A02 Group 5: Asian Americans in Hip Hop

Amylynn Nguyen
Anthony Canavesio
Zoua Vang
Madison Yn

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aEoCGPwx46E&feature=youtu.be

Group 12 SAPSA Video: Asian Americans and Bicultural Identities

Group Members :
Leigh Bagood (A02)
Sam Nguyen (A03)
Angela Kang (A02)


 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwMMo1qQCKo

week 10- Deon Anthony

Deon Anthony

Week 10

A01

This week’s reading, "The Time to Fight Is Now," Kieu-Linh Caroline Valverde and Wei Ming Dariotis explain the injustice and struggles that Asian American women, or women of color in general, face in Academia. The reading also talks about what usually happens to people protest against injustice as well as civil rights and labor issues. Specifically, the piece mentions how as model minorities, Asian American women are usually hesitant, if not afraid, to speak out against any form of systematic wrong. That ultimately leads to a decline in their health, both physically and mentally from all of the stress gained from academia. Personally, this really reminded me of the story of Professor Valverde’s near death experience in her fight for tenure. Her story is clear evidence of how accurate and real these issues are. She faced more difficulty than her colleagues in reaching the same goal, solely because of what she wanted to pursue and who she was. She was attacked because of her identity. No one, no matter who they are, should have to face such unnecessary obstacles. Personally this article really brings together most of the topics we talked about throughout this quarter, in this class and I hope that as a student body, we will begin to push harder to combat these injustices. 

Other than protests, is there something else that students aren't doing to possibly better combat these injustices in Academia?



Resources:

1. Valverde, C., & Dariotis, W. (2017). "The Time to Fight is Now": When Asian American Women in Academia Go Rogue. Retrieved November 26, 2017.

2.  Power Women's Rights word cloud on a black background. (n.d.). Retrieved November 27, 2017, from https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/power-womens-rights-word-cloud-on-581594083

Week 10- Brian Dang

Brian Dang
Section A01
Week 10

Before attending this class, I put almost no thought into how my professors were being treated or the structure of academia. I was only here to come in and get a degree. This class changed that. Right from the beginning with Prof. Valverde's experiences in "Fight The Tower: A Call to Action for Women of Color in Academia", I learned about the suffering a minority in academia can go through. When Amy Block Joy spoke in class, I learned how corrupt academia could be and how those who stand up can suffer. With this weeks reading, “The Time to Fight is Now': When Asian American Women in Academia Go Rogue,”  I learned how the experienced of the women I learned about in the past weeks can grow into a movement. I am amazed about how a movement that at first was a small group of women could grow into a force that could help change academia for the greater. It has opened by eyes to how a movement can grow. It has grown to the point where a someone like me who had no interest in this topic is now being educated about it.
I wouldn't have been exposed to this though if I hadn't attended this class, so my question is how can we spread these issues to people who would otherwise never be exposed to them.


References:
Valverde, K.L & Dariotis, W.M. (2017) The Time to Fight is Now': When Asian American Women in Academia Go Rogue. In Fight the Tower: Asian American Women Against Injustice in the Academy (pp. 1-46).

Valverde, K., (2013) “Fight the Tower”: A Call to Action for Women in Academia, 12(2), 367-419. 

[Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved November 26, 2017, from https://blogs.voanews.com/all-about-america/files/2016/04/Asian-Graduation-1200x576.jpg

Week 10 - Madison Yn

Madison Yn

ASA02 A02

Week 10

I really appreciate how this class was designed to introduce the injustices in academia first through Professor Valverde’s personal experience in becoming tenured then by examining specific issues further within academia, education, and the Asian American community and lastly concluding in a piece written again by Professor Valverde that encompasses many of the elements discussed throughout the quarter and demonstrating how they are all connected and significant to the process of fighting the tower. I once questioned if the academy was so unaccepting of women and especially women of color, why fight a losing battle? I assumed that if they didn’t want you, you shouldn’t want them. After learning about the importance of fighting the tower from the inside through the multiple readings over these past weeks and the most recent reading ““The Time to Fight is Now”1 : When Asian American Women in Academia Go Rogue”, I have come to the realization that those who have or are struggling to gain tenure or promotion or acceptance in the academy continue to fight the system because academia is their passion and their life’s purpose. To deny someone the a position they have spent years working to achieve due to discriminatory and unjust practices shouldn’t be taken lightly and passively accepted. These women in academia deserve “to teach, to create knowledge and wisdom, to be in a community of learners”, therefore I understand how they should not abandon their life’s work when their endeavors are elusive. Movements such as “Fight the Tower” are crucial to dismantling the systematic injustices women in academia are subjected to as they disseminate awareness of the oppressive system and allow others in similar positions to understand they experience is not an isolated case, but rather a prevalent pattern that has been kept covert to eliminate dissent and blowback. Just as Professor Valverde and her colleagues have combined efforts to fight the tower and raise awareness about the harmful aggressions and injustices women in academia, our SAPSA encourages us to think critically about a social issue that is meaningful to us which subsequently teaches us to use our research and critical thinking skills and apply it to social injustices we encounter in the future to engender positive change.

Why are women in academia subjected to structural injustices and systematic oppression in the academy? How far can merit take a person?

Valverde, K.L & Dariotis, W.M. (2017) The Time to Fight is Now': When Asian American Women in Academia Go Rogue. In Fight the Tower: Asian American Women Against Injustice in the Academy (pp. 1-46).

We Have a Voice [Photograph found in Jefferson County ]. (n.d.). In C. (Comp.). Retrieved November 26, 2017, from https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/colorado-students-protest-proposed-curriculum-changes

Week 10 - Adriana Goracci A01

The article " “The Time to Fight is Now”: When Asian American Women in Academia Go Rogue" by UC Davis professor Kieu-Linh Caroline Valverde and San Francisco State University professor Wei Ming Dariotis addresses the rising crisis of today’s educational system by reframing academia as a workplace with labor and civil right abuses rather than the most prevailing representation of it as an intellectual discourse creating thoughtful members of society. Through the personal experiences of model women who fought not only against the racial discriminations but also for the gender barriers that segregate women of color from the rest of the society, the authors are able to convey and expand the understanding of labor issues, systemic oppression and structural injustices in academia.

I agree with the author's statement that no matter the effort and struggles one puts into working and dedicating time for the academia, achieving prestigious positions and obtaining prizes, if the people who hold the power don’t want to reward you, they will create extra difficulties and make it impossible for the person in question. This creates an unfairness between the way people are treated. In order to obtain the same prize, people of color are forced to work double or even triple the amount of a regular caucasian male, who is not discriminated. As we see in the personal examples provided in the article, in the case of a woman of color working in the field, chances to obtain the same recognitions are nearly impossible without a conflict and some sort of confrontation that puts not only the carreer at risk but also the reputation, the friendships and as seen in the case of professor Valverde, the health of one’s.

Question: I wonder when this discrimination against people of color but most specifically women of color will cease and how the world would benefit from fullfilled potentials. However, if in someway we would be able to erase discrimination, will it end forever or just temporarily? Is discrimination of people such as racism or gender discrimination something that is genetically installed within us and just worsen with social interaction or is there a possible way to completely terminate social injustices?

References:

• Valverde, Kieu-Linh Caroline, and Wei Ming Dariotis. “The Time to Fight Is Now”: When Asian American Women in Academia Go Rogue.

• “Inequality Cartoons and Comics.” Inequality Cartoons and Comics - Funny Pictures from CartoonStock, www.cartoonstock.com/directory/i/inequality.asp.

Week 10 - Yingjun Huang

ASA 002 A01

Yingjun Huang

Week 10

The feeling was very hard to express when it comes to reading the article “The Time to Fight is Now”: When Asian American Women in Academia Go Rogue. There is a buss phrase on the Chinese social media called “Kindheartedness limited your imagination” and I think it’s the best phrase describing my situation right now. I have never felt like being treated unfairly before thus lack of acknowledgment of such discrimination occurs, so the reading experience was eye-opening. How Asian American women being treated described in the article was unexpected to be happening in America. I’ve heard about office sexism and racism, but I have never thought about the same would happen in academia, let alone happening in America. What can I say? I’m like a sweet ditsy little baby.

Taking one step back, I thought that even if such things do happen in America, the way of fighting it should be easier than in China to which I have completely lost confidence in; turns out the way is no difference in harshness and makes you think that you might have chosen life in hard mode upon given birth. The situation here is more than fighting someone who has discrimination against Asian American women; it’s a war to be announced towards institutional force, the authority. Only if we can unite, we can get the system beaten.

A chart that shows how universities admit Asian students with a strict percentage of roughly under 20% of the undergrads despite the rapid growth of Asian American population.

Question:

What can I do as an undergraduate student to help on preserving rights for Asian American women in academia?

References:

1. Kieu-Linh Caroline Valverde and Wei Ming Dariotis. (2016) “The Time to Fight is Now”: When Asian American Women in Academia Go Rogue.Retrieved November 26^th, 2017

2. “California Dreaming” [Image]. The Economist. www.economist.com/news/briefing/21669595-asian-americans-are-united-states-most-successful-minority-they-are-complaining-ever Retrieved November 26^th, 2017 

Week 10- Sabrina Gomez A01

Sabrina Gomez
A01

Week 10

Upon reading "The Time to Fight is Now: When Asian American Women in Academia Go Rogue", I was extremely interested in the manner in which the article posed important, and apparently riveting questions. A big theme that is constantly brought up in class however not bluntly asked is why certain groups of people may or may not be subjected to discrimination in the educational public. I find this question specifically affecting because it is not an overall question that is frequently entertained, rather than the smaller questions and the observations of the repercussions this entails. I believe it interesting and very shocking that the article brought up a possible explanation for these attacks against Asian Americans to be an ancient issue. The article mentions how white workers throughout the Twentieth century appeared to feel threatened by Asian American workers due to the expectation that they were good workers or as it is now referred to as (the model minority). This also ties into another recurring theme I have noticed brought up in the class, in which historical issues still appear to cause implications in modern day. This moves me to believe that perhaps that one of the first crucial steps we must take in rectifying these racial issues, is to look back upon similar issues that plagued the different cultural groups in the past. It may definitely be too general or simplified to believe that these issues can be more controlled if they were identified earlier on, due to the countless other factors, however as the theme has been somewhat noticeable through the class it can be a possibility. 

Question: How would the attacks towards Asian Americans differ (if any difference) if the Model Minority did not apply to them? 

Analysis: If Asian Americans were not predisposed as ideal workers, and therefore a positive force in society, would the attacks and discrimination towards them in educational settings be different?  

References:

1) Valverde, C., & Dariotis, W. (2017). "The Time to Fight is Now": When Asian American

Women in Academia Go Rogue. Retrieved November 24, 2017.

2) (2011) "Not Your Model Minority?: The Complexity of Asian Americans in 21st Century American Film" [Digital Image]. Retrieved November 26, 2017. https://tropicsofmeta.wordpress.com/2011/03/29/not-your-model-minority-the-complexity-of-asian-americans-in-21st-century-american-film/

Week 10 Billy Chen

Billy Chen

ASA 2 002

Week 10

In this week’s reading called “‘The Time to Fight is Now’: When Asian American Women in Academia Go Rogue” by Kieu-Linh Caroline Valverde and Wei Ming Dariotis explains the non-recognition of Asian American women in the educational system and its administration. The authors examine how Asian women are looked at in the business and administration industry and show us how Asian women are still outliers when picking people for leadership roles and other high positions of power. As students of the school, we would think that the university would do the right thing to give its faculty and staff what it needs, such as tenure, to provide the knowledge and services they are supposed to, but in reality, the university operates more as a business than a place of fairness and giving their staff what they deserve. This reading recognizes the fact that society would rather see Asian women working as people of service and lower rather than people of high status in the workplace and administration. This problem lies deeper within our social structure and shows a prime example of patriarchy.

References:

1. Valverde, C. & Dariotis, W. M. (2017). “The Time to Fight Is Now”: When Asian American Women in Academia Go Rogue. Retrieved November 26, 2017.
2. https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=630&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=N5kbWurJGOmN0gLsl4yQDQ&q=powerful+asian+women&oq=asian+women+power&gs_l=psy-ab.3.0.0i8i30k1.34239.36252.0.37357.7.7.0.0.0.0.282.887.3j1j2.6.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..1.6.885...0j0i67k1j0i10k1.0.ONNtRpGK-0Y#imgrc=ELqdt92cCrFbIM:

Zoua Vang - ASA 2 A02 - Week 10

Zoua Vang

ASA 2 A02

Week 10

Response:

In the article, “The Time to Fight is Now,” Keiu-Link Caroline Valverde and Wei Ming Dariotis discuss the discrimination against the women of color in the university.  They point out that Asian American women are invited as a model minority to undermine the idea of the university failing people.  Then they are “quickly evicted” when they don’t conform to the model minority, especially if they speak up.  The university’s adoption of corporatization has lead to the false meritocracy.  Our merit and individual accomplishments are not protected; instead, the university protects itself.  Valverde and Dariotis both battled for their tenure.  Valverde won her tenure but with a huge loss in their life, medically, and Dariotis was denied promotion even though she had the perfect resume for the position.  Despite the negative outcomes of their battles, their experiences showed that the university fears people that speak up against them, especially Asian American women.  Asian American women are in a position of “honorary white.”  Asian Americans aren’t white or black but in between and also given the label of Model Minority leading to the label of Honorary White.  In addition, Asian American women in academia are placed at the bottom in which enables them to see the injustices in the system.  Because of their unique position, when they do speak up, they are able to influence and create change.  The authors encourage our voices to speak up about these injustices to bring about change.  In one of our section discussions, we talked about how our position is very unique and critical because we are the students of the university, we have a larger population of voices that can speak up together and we have more time to organize a movement for change.

Image:

Question: How should the university change to be able to protect the meritocracy of people of color in academia?

References:

• Kieu Linh Valverde and Wei Ming Dariotis. “Going Rogue: “The Time to Fight is Now” and “I Am One with the Force and the Force is One with Me: Our Movement for Change in Academia.”
• https://gfycat.com/gifs/detail/gargantuanrarejaguarundi

Week 10: Bryan Ngo, A0

Week 10: Bryan Ngo, A01

Week 10:

Bryan Ngo

ASA 002

A01

It is known that Asian Americans, especially Asian American women, lay in the middle of this black and white race spectrum. On one end, we have the privileged, and on the other, quite the opposite. It was highlighted in this week’s reading that Asians have the ability to acquire these privileged “characteristics”, but stay vulnerable to races higher up in the racial hierarchy at the same time. To me, this is an interesting claim, mainly because I can see it being relatable. Asians are known to be hardworking individuals who succeed in life, but keep their heads down. They stay out of trouble to maintain a stable life. However, I think one point this article was trying to make is that, this needs to change. Too often, society sees Asians in this light. As a result, they are not known to hold many positions of leadership, especially in academia (this is even more difficult for women, as experienced by professor Valverde). Again, like in many of the weekly readings, we see a racial hierarchy cluttered with many other variables such as gender and socio-economic status. This inequality is difficult to solve, simply because of the fact that there really shouldn’t be a hierarchy at all; all races would be treated equally in a utopian world, but that’s just not the case, and it won’t be for a while.

Question:

I’d like to believe that the cause of racial inequality is in large due to a generational gap. It doesn’t make sense to me that one race would be treated differently than another, so is that just a mindset that was commonly found in the generation previous to me?

References:

Belle Wheelan's Drive Pays Off for Higher Education. (2015, May 29). Retrieved November 26, 2017, from http://diversepodium.com/article/73448

Valverde, C. & Dariotis, W. M. (2017). “The Time to Fight Is Now”:When Asian American Women in Academia Go Rogue. Retrieved November 26, 2017.